War of 1812Events and Locationsfrench

William Hull's Detroit Campaign: The Fall of Fort Detroit

"My God, what shall I do with these women and children?!"
General William Hull

Further Reading

The Capture of the Cuyahoga Packet

The British Capture Fort Mackinac

The Fall of Fort Detroit

The First Nations at Fort Detroit

Tecumseh at Detroit

Hull at Detroit

The British at Fort Detroit

Brock at Fort Detroit

The Fort Dearborn Massacre

Eyewitness accounts of Hull’s defeated army as they are marched from Detroit to Quebec by British and Canadian troops in the fall of 1812.


The Americans at Fort Detroit

Waking from one of the few snatches of sleep he has managed to steal during a long and agonizing night, General Hull hears the news that will virtually incapacitate him with fear; Tecumseh and his warriors are all over the town of Detroit and are heading towards the fort. The pressure of the past six weeks bear down on Hull and he buckles under it.

Just one month earlier, the American Army landed unopposed on Canadian soil at Sandwich. For a brief time, General Hull believed his army was capable of defeating the enemy, despite it's lack of supplies, military training and cohesive leadership. The Americans however, hesitate to confront their opponents at Fort Malden and British reinforcements arrive. The indecisive Hull retreats to Fort Detroit on August 7, 1812.

The withdrawal causes the morale of the poorly-fed troops to plummet. A week after the American army's return to Detroit, Colonels Cass and McArthur openly plot to depose their commander. Hull dispatches both officers, along with 350 men, in a last-ditch attempt to open up a supply line. This is an odd strategy in the face of an imminent battle.

The following afternoon the Americans engage in an artillery battle with the British across the river at Sandwich; an exchange of hundreds of pounds of fiery cast-iron that lasts well into nightfall.

With Tecumseh's forces marching unopposed through the town, Hull quickly loses his stomach for fighting. The troops are eager to engage their opponents, but the commanding officer gives no such order. The repositioned British cannons are now wreaking havoc inside the fort. Hull sees his men being killed and dismembered by the hot iron shot. Unlike his soldiers, who are spurred on to avenge the carnage, Hull sees only what a prolonged battle could bring to his family and friends within the fort.

Hull orders a white tablecloth hung outside the fort to signal a cease fire. The American men and officers are shocked. All semblance of order is lost, along with the will to fight, as news travels that their commander is seeking terms for a temporary truce. This truce soon dissolves into a full surrender. The Americans lose 2,200 men, the fort, all their military equipment, and control of the Michigan Territory.