Sauk and Mesquakie migrate from the Atlantic Coast via the St. Lawrence River to the Eastern half of Lower Michigan.

The Huron and Ottawa push the Sauk and Mesquakie out of Michigan. They resettle in central Wisconsin.

First recorded Sauk and Mesquakie contact with the French when Jesuit Claude-Jean Allouez meets with them.

The Mesquakie join the Winnebago to drive the Illinois out of southern Wisconsin.

The Mesquakie lose many of their people after a series of wars with the French and their native allies; those who remain form an alliance with the Sauk.

The allied Sauk and Mesquakie fight the French and their allies repeatedly.

Peace treaty between the French and the Sauk and Mesquakie.

The Sauk and Mesquakie are ravaged by a small pox epidemic, they lose nearly half their population. Despite this loss, they defeat the Illinois and take their lands - most of Western Illinois between the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers.

The Sauk and Mesquakie join the Western Alliance of tribes. The aim of the British-backed alliance is to prevent any western expansion by the United States government.

The Fort Harmar Treaty. This is the first peace treaty signed between the Sauk and Mesquakie and the U.S.. Unfortunately, it is broken almost as soon as it is signed.

The U.S. purchases Louisiana. In principle, the purchase includes the Sauk and Mesquakie's territory along the Mississippi.

Some Sauk and Mesquakie chieftains are tricked into signing a treaty with American representative William Henry Harrison. They cede four and a half million hectares (10 million acres) of land in northeast Missouri and western Illinois for approximately $2,500 and $1,000 annuity. The signatories had not been authorized by the tribal council to sell the land.

The War of 1812. The Sauk split into two factions. One, loosely led by Keokuk, refuses to fight the Americans and moves south of the Missouri River to central Missouri. The other follows Black Hawk who joins with Shawnee Chief Tecumseh and the British. A portion of the Mesquakie people remains neutral, refusing to side with either faction.

After the war of 1812, the Americans ask the Sauk and Mesquakie to sign a new treaty accepting the terms of the 1804 treaty. After some wrangling, everybody, including Black Hawk ends up signing. Keokuk's influence is growing steadily. To the annoyance of the U.S., most of the Black Hawk band continues to trade with the British. They become known as the "British Band."

The "gray gold" lead mining rush into Mesquakie territory begins.

War between the Dakota Sioux and the Sauk and Mesquakie.

"Neutral ground." By treaty, the Dakota Sioux and the Sauk and Mesquakie each cede to the United States a 20-mile wide strip of land running between them across a large portion of Iowa. To preserve peace, neither tribe is supposed to enter this "neutral ground."

White settlers move into Saukenuk while Black Hawk and his people are away hunting.

The Americans officially appoint Keokuk, "Grand Chief of the Sac and Fox Tribe."

April 6 - Black Hawk re-crosses the Mississippi and reoccupies Saukenuk.

May 14 - At the Battle of Stillman's Run, Black Hawk and his warriors defeat a much larger U.S. militia force.

July 21 - At the Battle of Wisconsin Heights, Black Hawk and his warriors hold off the U.S. army long enough for their women and children to cross the Wisconsin River to safety.

August 2 - The U.S. army catches up to Black Hawk who raises the white flag of surrender. The soldiers ignore this and kill most of his followers. The event becomes known as the Bad Axe Massacre.

August 27 - Black Hawk is captured.

September - The Americans officially appoint Keokuk, "Grand Chief of the Sac and Fox Tribe."

September 21 - The Sauk and Mesquakie sign a peace treaty in which Keokuk cedes another 2.5 million hectares (6 million acres).

May - The U.S. releases Black Hawk into Keokuk's custody.

Keokuk agrees to sell 104,000 hectares (256,000 acres) to the U.S. for 75 cents an acre.

Keokuk sells off 500,000 hectares (1,250,000 acres) to the U.S.

October 3 - Black Hawk dies aged 71. Within a few months, vandals steal his body and his skeleton is displayed in a museum. The museum and its content are later destroyed by fire.

Keokuk negotiates yet another treaty with the U.S., this time ceding four million hectares (ten million acres) (the last of the Sauk and Mesquakie land in Iowa) to pay off tribal debts.

The bulk of the Sauk and Mesquakie move to a new reservation in Kansas (near Topeka). However a number of the Sauk and Mesquakie people refuse to move from Iowa and go into hiding.

Keokuk dies. His son, Moses Keokuk succeeds him.

About one hundred Sauk and Mesquakie are killed west of Fort Riley on the Kansas River by a larger combined force of Comanche, Osage, Kiowa, Cheyenne and Arapaho nations.

Moses Keokuk signs a treaty selling a large part of the Sauk and Mesquakie reservation and agrees to allotment. He fails to consult with the Mesquakie beforehand then keeps the money for the Sauk.

The Mesquakie and Sauk split when the Mesquakie decide to end their 125-year-old agreement with the Sauk. 300 hundred members sell their horses and go back to Iowa where they purchase 80 acres along the Iowa River near Tama for $1000.

The Sauk sign their last treaty with the United States, ceding the last of their Kansas lands in exchange for a 304, 000 hectare (750,000 acres) reservation created for them in the portion of Indian Territory that is now central Oklahoma.

December 25 - The Sauk of Oklahoma celebrate Christmas for the first time.

The U.S. government auctions off the unalloted Sauk lands in Oklahoma to American settlers.

An 18-ton granite statue of Black Hawk is erected in Oklahoma.

The Mesquakie of Iowa hold week-long "Field Days" each summer with dancing, games and horse racing. These field days will gradually become annual powwows.

The U.S. declares Oklahoma's Indian Territory extinct.

Sauk "son" Jim Thorpe becomes the first (and so far only) person to win Olympic gold medals in both the pentathlon and decathlon.

The Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act reorganizes the Sauk government along the lines of the U.S. form of government.

The U.S. introduces the Indian Gaming and Regulatory Act.

Opening of the Mesquakie Bingo and Casino Hotel near Tama, Iowa.

February - The Sauk Nation opens a Casino in Hiawatha, Kansas.